What is a cataract?

A cataract is a clouding of the natural lens inside the eye. The lens sits behind the pupil and focuses light onto the back of the eye. As the lens becomes cloudy, less light passes through and vision gradually becomes blurred or misty. Cataracts most often develop slowly with age, and commonly affect both eyes, although not always to the same degree. They can also be associated with diabetes, previous eye injury or surgery, and long-term use of steroid medication.

What symptoms should I look for?

  • Blurred, cloudy or misty vision.
  • Glare or haloes around lights, particularly when driving at night.
  • Colours appearing faded or yellowed.
  • Difficulty reading or seeing in low light.
  • Frequent changes to your glasses prescription.

What is cataract surgery?

Cataract surgery removes the cloudy lens and replaces it with a clear artificial lens, known as an intraocular lens (IOL). The cloudy lens is gently broken up using ultrasound and removed through a tiny incision, which usually heals without stitches. The new lens is then placed in the same position and remains in the eye permanently. Before surgery, detailed measurements of your eye are taken so that your surgeon can select the lens best suited to you.

At a glance

Surgery time: 15 to 30 minutes per eye. Anaesthetic: Local (eye drops or injection). Hospital stay: Day case. Driving: Not on the day of surgery. Time off work: A few days to 2 weeks, depending on your job. Full recovery: 4 to 6 weeks.

What happens on the day of surgery?

Cataract surgery is performed under local anaesthetic and you remain awake throughout. Drops are used to widen the pupil and numb the eye. You will lie comfortably on your back while the surgeon carries out the procedure using an operating microscope. You may be aware of bright light and gentle movement, but you should not feel pain. Afterwards, a protective shield is placed over the eye and you will rest for a short time before going home. You will need someone to accompany you home.

Recovery

Vision often begins to improve within a few days, although it may be blurred at first while the eye settles. You will be given eye drops to use for several weeks to help the eye heal and prevent infection. We recommend avoiding rubbing the eye, swimming, heavy lifting and strenuous exercise during the early recovery period. Your surgeon will advise when it is safe to drive again and when to have your glasses prescription updated, which is usually four to six weeks after surgery.

Risks

Cataract surgery is very safe and serious complications are uncommon. Risks include infection or bleeding inside the eye, swelling of the retina or cornea, a tear in the lens capsule, retinal detachment, and the need for further surgery. A very small number of patients experience a reduction in vision. Your surgeon will discuss all risks with you at consultation.

Frequently asked questions

When should I have cataract surgery?

There is no need to wait until a cataract is advanced. Surgery is usually recommended when your vision is affecting day-to-day activities such as reading, driving or work. Your surgeon will advise on timing at consultation.

Will I be asleep?

No. Cataract surgery is typically performed under local anaesthetic while you are awake and comfortable.

Is cataract surgery painful?

The eye is numbed before surgery, so you should not feel pain. Some patients notice mild pressure during the procedure. Afterwards, the eye may feel gritty or watery for a few days.

Will I still need glasses?

Most patients will still need glasses for some tasks after surgery, most commonly for reading. Your surgeon will discuss your lens options and what to expect for your vision.

Can both eyes be treated at the same time?

If you have cataracts in both eyes, they are usually treated on separate days so that the first eye can settle before the second is treated. Your surgeon will advise on what is appropriate for you.

Can a cataract come back?

No. Once removed, a cataract cannot return. In some patients the membrane behind the new lens becomes cloudy months or years later. This is common, and is treated with a quick, painless laser procedure.

When can I drive again?

You should not drive on the day of surgery. Many patients can return to driving within a few days once their vision meets the legal standard, but you should wait until your surgeon confirms it is safe.

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