Signs and symptoms

  • Inability to straighten a finger or thumb without using the other hand.
  • Pain at the base of the affected finger when moved or pressed.
  • Stiffness or a clicking sensation (worse in the morning).
  • Pain even when the hand is still, as the condition progresses.
  • A finger or thumb stuck in a bent position.
  • A lump visible in the palm.

Causes

The cause is often difficult to identify. Tasks requiring repeated grasping or prolonged use of tools that press on the tendon sheath may irritate the tendons. Trigger finger has also been associated with rheumatoid arthritis, gout, diabetes, and Dupuytren's contracture. It is more common in women and in people over 40.

Treatment

Corticosteroid injections — injecting steroid into the tendon sheath can reduce the swelling in the tendon, allowing it to glide through the sheath more easily. This is often the first treatment, and is effective for 50–70% of people with trigger finger. In some patients, however, it is ineffective, or the condition comes back quickly.

Open trigger finger release — the surgeon makes a small cut at the base of the affected finger or thumb and carefully cuts open the constricted area of the tendon sheath, checking that the tendon can run smoothly without catching.

Percutaneous trigger finger release — A sturdy needle is inserted and moved to break up the constricted area — no incision required. Slightly faster recovery but carries a small additional risk to surrounding nerves and arteries.

Trigger finger surgery takes approximately 30 minutes and is usually carried out under local anaesthetic as a day case procedure.

Frequently asked questions

Can a trigger finger heal on its own?

Mild trigger finger may improve on its own, particularly if the cause is a temporary period of unusual hand activity. However, established trigger finger — where the tendon is catching or the finger is locked — is unlikely to resolve without treatment.

What will happen if a trigger finger is not treated?

Without treatment, trigger finger tends to worsen over time. The tendon may become increasingly difficult to straighten, and the finger may become permanently locked in a bent position, making everyday activities very difficult. Early treatment is recommended to prevent this progression.

How long does it take to recover from trigger finger release surgery?

Most patients can return to light activities within 1–2 weeks following trigger finger release surgery. Full recovery, including return to heavy manual tasks, typically takes 4–6 weeks. Hand therapy may be recommended to maximise recovery.

Are finger splints good for trigger finger?

Splinting can be useful in the early stages of trigger finger, particularly if worn at night to keep the finger in an extended position. Splinting alone may be sufficient for mild cases, particularly when combined with activity modification and anti-inflammatory medication. For moderate to severe cases, injection or surgery is generally more effective.

What are the risks of trigger finger surgery?

Trigger finger surgery is a safe procedure with a high success rate. Risks include infection, scarring, incomplete resolution of triggering, recurrence, stiffness, and rarely, injury to surrounding nerves or blood vessels. Your surgeon will discuss all risks with you at consultation

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